La presente investigación estudia la competitividad vinícola a través de la creación y clasificación de variables e indicadores sobre un panel de 29 países entre los que se pone atención especial al caso mexicano. Tal panel se conformó con datos quinquenales entre 1980 a 2005 de variables diversas. Sirven las variables e indicadores propuestos, como vínculo entre teorías sobre la competitividad en Economía y la realidad de los entornos de competencia vitivinícola nacional e internacional. A su vez los indicadores y dimensiones usados llevan a contrastar hipótesis que resaltan la importancia de factores no solamente económicos. Usando el instrumental econométrico mediante paneles de cortes temporales apilados y la metodología de mínimos cuadrados ponderados se evidencia la importancia de factores culturales, geográficos o ambientales, y se ofrecen reflexiones y recomendaciones sobre la competitividad vinícola en su versión más general y amplia.
This research presents the creation and classification of variables and indicators to express the competitiveness of the wine industry in 29 countries including Mexico; which case was detailed. Used data included numerous variables covering the period 1980 to 2005 – divided into five-year sections-. Proposed variables and indicators intended to capture the relationship between theoretical ideas on competitiveness in Economics, and the behaviour of the wine industry competitiveness at national and international levels. Indicators and measurements were used to test hypotheses on the relevance of factors affecting competitiveness, beyond the ambit of Economics. Econometric tools were applied separately and jointly on temporal data sections; the methodology of weighted least squares was applied later. Results showed that the competitiveness of the wine industry was influenced by cultural, geographical and environmental conditions. Finally, this study offers reflections and recommendations on winecompetitiveness issues.